Caricature and drawing newsletter for june, july 2007 this newsletter is reproduced here courtesy of once and for all getting you drawing faces and caricatures. Pantographs available in three sizes 18, 21 or 24 pantograph. The appearance of technology gradually led humans to develop another use for drawing. The scale of a model can be represented as a ratio, which indicates the relative size of the model and the real object.
It provides technical detail, uptodate standards, realworld examples and clearly explained theory and techniques. Figures 4 and 5 show how it is possible to reduce and enlarge. Simply select the ratio of reduction or enlargement, connect the clamp to the board and pantograph, and use the trace point to trace over the original drawing. Definition and construction of straight line, circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, helix, trochoids inferior and superior spiral. Reduction and enlargement of plane figures to reduce plane figure by lengths of sides using the polar method. General method for drawing any regular polygon given the measurement of one. In technologies, technical drawing is crucial since the best way to define any development is through its. Enlargement and reduction of a plane figure by a scale factor. Graphical communication technical drawing 2,550 views 9. Full scale drawings show the actual size of an object. Reduction and enlargement ratio of side method by saifullizza. From this need and thanks to math theory about proportions, we have developed scale drawing.
This text provides an introduction to technical drawing and provides instruction to help students create 2d drawings by hand or by using computeraided drafting. In a cabinet drawing, receding surfaces are drawn onehalf size. Using numerous illustrations and easytofollow text, this book covers. Maintain perfect proportion enlarging any picture or drawing using this simple technique. Pantograph drawing tool to copy, reduce, or enlarge art. Chief examiner for the general certificate of education, ordinary level hulton preface in this technological age there is a need for well qualified engineers and scientists, and young people who wish to parti cipate in the fields of. The books are also suitable for craft level courses such as engineering and building related subjects and for industrial training courses where an understanding. Technical drawing with engineering graphics by frederick e.
Use the new length of each line segment to draw the reduction. Explain the procedure for reducing the plane figure. If the object is either too small or too large to draw full scale, the designer scales it up or down. Physically, scales are usually strips made of cardboard, plastic, steel or other such material, with markings that give lengths in a fixed ratio of reduction or enlargement. Pdf geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling. A scale can be defined as a ratio of the reduction or enlargement on a map or a drawing. Plane and solid geometry is the first of three books which together provide comprehensive coverage of all aspects of secondary school technical drawing syllabuses. Very often it is necessary to enlarge and sometimes to reduce mouldings in size but it is also essential to retain their similarity. There are great old books that teach all the stuff i learned in school td classes 30 years ago. Technical drawing scheme of examination there will be three papers, papers1, 2 and 3 all of which must be taken. Using an architects scale click on the ruler and complete the activity found on the university of delaware page to learn how to read an architects scale. The second module, applications of basic technical drawing, by virtue of student drawings. If a samesized copy is desired, the fixed pivot is transferred to d, and the pencil and pointer placed at a and f respectively.
Pupils determine whether the drawing is a reduction or an enlargement and the constant of proportionality between the original and the. The drawings in this book have been presented in a variety of ways some in. A technical drawing serves as a plan that builders and manufacturers use to construct the homes we live in and the tools, machinery and devices we use in our daily lives. Enlarge or reduce your architectural plans to the scale you want. How to calculate scale reduction and enlargement in technical drawing. Jan 28, 2003 technical drawing with engineering graphics book. As a primary technical course, it aims at cultivating the abilities of spatial visualization, ideation, and innovation of design. Feb 21, 2015 it depends what you mean by technical drawing. Dimensions and drawing to scale west orange technology. Waec syllabus for technical drawing 20202021 waecnigeria.
Minimizes storage space exact copies of drawings can be produced quickly. Nov 10, 2019 today you and i will quickly take a look at the topic waec syllabus for technical drawing 20202021 download waec syllabus pdf 2020. Technical drawing offers prerequisite knowledge and skills for a number of the technical and vocational areas of work. Pupils determine whether the drawing is a reduction or an enlargement and the constant of proportionality between the. It is the reduction or enlargement of the size of a drawn object relative to the real object. The reduction compass or proportional dividers is a geometry tool with asymmetriclength branches to allow performing homothetic transformations, reproducing a pattern while enlarging or reducing its size and conserving angles. Reduction and enlargement scales, drawing scale, assignment help. Other approaches are encouraged, such as problem solving in.
It is a language of communication between architects and engineers, usually to convey information about the object. The fixed pivot, pointer, and pencil must be rigid, and, with pivot c, be of such a length that the pantograph as a whole moves parallel to the paper. A reduction results in an image that is the same shape but proportionally smaller than the original. Candidates were reported to have improved in the following areas. Technical drawings are drawn to scale so that engineers, architects and builders can create the objects in the drawing to exact. Follow the video while drawing and practice again without the video for perfection. This video shows you how to reduce and enlarge an object using the ratio 3. T squares, set squares, pencils, rulers metric, erasers, compasses, dividers, radius gauges, protractors, scale rulers metric, layout of paper, title blocks, lettering, types of lines, plane geometry. Objects as like buildings, town plans, bridges, maps of countries, large machine parts and their assemblies are usually drawn to decrease scales. Download geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling the new edition of this successful text describes all the geometric instructions and engineering drawing information, likely to be needed by anyone preparing or interpreting drawings or designs. A brief video explaining how to enlarge a simple shape radiating from a point.
It has been one of the most comprehensive revisions since the book was first published. A scale model or drawing has exactly the same shape as the original object, and all the same proportions, but a different overall size. The notes offer advice regarding the irish postprimary junior certificate technical graphics examination. This has become very necessary as several aspirants of the 20202021 waec examination have been trooping into our website for waec guide and asking us several other questions concerning the syllabus for waec technical drawing to help them prepare. It became a way to convey technical thought archimedes, leonardo da vinci. Technical drawing careers require education and specialization and offer average job prospects, with average to moderate incomes. This material reflects established practices consistent with the australian standards for technical drawing specifications and is directly related to the key knowledge and skills in units 1 to 4. Show you know tech link you can use a drawing program to enlarge or reduce an image using a scale factor. Technical drawing is concerned mainly with using lines, circles, arcs etc. How to do equal division how to draw parallel lines. The computer keeps a record of all dimensions in the drawing changes to drawing can be made easily editing processes include the ability to copy, move, rotate, mirror and erase drawing parts drawing storage is on a hard drive, memory stick, cd, dvd or floppy disk rather than in a drawing folio. Scales and technical drawing scientia et sapientia. Drawing scales scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element of an object shown in the drawing to the real linear dimension of the same element of the object.
Pupils determine whether the drawing is a reduction or an enlargement and the. Bankole, 97805826595, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. The three books may be used together or seperately to suit a variety of needs. The pattern is a straight evenly spaced parallel line that is usually 45 degrees.
This newly updated edition focuses on the drawing skills and information that are vital to a successful career in drafting. Plane and solid geometry longman international technical texts book online at best prices in india on. The bestselling technical drawing is now updated and better than ever, providing you with complete coverage of the drawing skills and information you need for a successful career in drafting. This is a set of 29 enlargement worksheets all with an animal theme. The ability to read and understand drawings is a skill that is very crucial for technical. How to reduce and enlarge architectural plans to scale. Coverage spans from basic to advanced aspects of engineering and industrial technology, providing readers with fundamental exposure to design and visualization for computer modeling, as well as the more traditional methods of technical drawing.
The instructional activity introduces scale drawing to the class. Geometrical drawing introduction to technical drawing and technical drawing equipment care and use of equipment. Early humans felt a need to represent the world hunting scenes to their peers. Bhatt in this new edition some errors are rectified. A solid line that represents the line of sight between two successive views. The earlier edition of this text book is thoroughly revised, extensively enlarged, completely updated. Use a method of your choice and a scale factor of 0.
Waec syllabus for technical drawing 20202021download waec syllabus pdf 2020. Scale drawing appears due to the need of depicting objects with accuracy avoiding draw them in real size. Level 9 technical drawing free download as pdf file. Enlarging and reducing plane figures and equivalent areas. Whenever the drawings are set to a size smaller than the real size of the objects, they are described to have been drawn to a reduction scale. I imagine most of these skills have been replaced with cad by now. Technical drawings are graphic and technical communication tools. Drawing storage is on a hard drive, memory stick, cd, dvd or floppy disk rather than in a drawing folio.
Official website of the the ministry of education moe in guyana. The scale factor is the constant amount that all dimensions of an object are multiplied by to draw an enlargement or reduction. How to draw technical drawing enlargement and reduction. However, it is very important that the drawing produced to be accurate and clear. Snake parrot tiger toucan bear fox hummingbird mountain cat duck sheep moose turkey dog rooster hare seal husky walrus owl dolphin cat. The reduction compass is made of two branches, with two points each. I hope this helps you enlarge and reduce architectural drawings. This is video is created for subject basic engineering drawing, faculty of education, utm skudai. Construction of an enlarging and reducing pantograph. A scale factor greater than 1 indicates an enlargement. Children look at the picture and enlarge it using the grid for support. If a line drawing is traced by the first point, an identical, enlarged, or miniaturized copy will be drawn. Enlarging a shape changes its size all the sides of the triangle xyz are twice as long as the sides of the original triangle xyz.
Reduction and enlargement suppose a small sketch of the head of a rocking. Find enlargement reduction lesson plans and teaching resources. It has provided me with the access to more material other than text books so i can provide my students a broader and richer learning experience. The book is an excellent reference source and handbook of fundamentals related to industrial air technology. Apr 11, 2015 learn how to enlarge a regular and an irregular polygon using the linear enlargement method. Unsubscribe from graphical communication technical drawing. It it sometimes necessary to enlarge or reduce a plane figure in one direction only. Hard copies can be produced in color and to a high professional standard the drawings can be reproduced as often and as quickly as you want. When adjusting the instrument for reduction or enlargement, make sure that the adjustment pivots are in the holes corresponding with the scale. The pointer is inserted at d for enlargement, or at f for reduction, the pencil being in the unoccupied hole at d or f.
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